The vaulter runs down a runway for about 45 metres (150 feet) carrying a pole. Pole-vaulting is conducted along the lines of the high jump i.e., vaulters attempt to vault over a crossbar placed on uprights, they have three tries at each height, and they land in an inflated or composition pit. A woman jumper, Iolanda Balas (Romania), achieved remarkable feats in the event, establishing 13 world records and a winning streak of 140 meets. Valeriy Brumel (U.S.S.R.) held the high-jump record for 10 years using the straddle jump. Charles Dumas (U.S.), a notable example of the straddle jumpers, in 1956 became the first man to clear 7 feet (2.13 metres). Named for its inventor, Dick Fosbury (U.S.), the 1968 Olympic champion, the flop involves an approach from almost straight ahead, then twisting on takeoff and going over headfirst with the back to the bar. Jumping styles evolved in the 20th century with techniques called the scissors, eastern cut-off, western roll, and straddle (or belly roll) preceding the Fosbury flop. The modern pits are of value because jumpers often land on the back of the shoulders and neck. Inflated or foam-rubber landing pits have replaced dirt and sawdust pits. Jumpers may enter the competition at any height above the minimum height and are allowed to pass any height as the bar is raised to new levels. The object is to clear a thin bar perched atop two standards, and the jumper remains in the competition as long as he does not have three consecutive misses. There is one basic rule for high jumping: the jumper must leave the ground from one foot, not two. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.
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